Characterization of temperature and precipitation in Guamá, Santiago de Cuba: Successive approximations
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Abstract
Understanding climate in heterogeneous regions is fundamental for socioeconomic planning and adaptation to climate variability. This study aimed to characterize temperature and precipitation variables in the coastal and mountain ecosystems of the municipality of Guamá, Santiago de Cuba, analyzing their behavior during the rainy (PL1) and dry (PPL1) seasons. Analytical-comparative methods and geographic information systems (QGIS) were used, processing temperature data series (1992–2010) from 18 meteorological stations and precipitation data series (1961–2008) from the national rainfall network. The results showed marked differences: average temperatures were higher on the coast (23.1°C–32°C) than in the mountains (13°C–24°C), with a clear altitudinal gradient, and the highest values were recorded during the PL1. Rainfall showed an opposite pattern, being significantly more abundant in mountainous areas (1600–3000 mm annually) than in coastal areas (600–1200 mm), especially during the first 10 months of the year. It was concluded that Guamá's climate is warm and tropical with a rainy season in the summer, determined by the interaction of altitude, maritime influence, and seasonality, which generates distinct microclimates with implications for activities such as agriculture.
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